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开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
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脂肪酸是脂质的主要成分,不仅参与生物体的生长发育[1]和营养代谢,还在生殖器官与生殖细胞的发生、发育和成熟过程中发挥调节作用. 对于哺乳动物而言,不饱和脂肪酸(Unsaturated Fatty Acid,UFA)中的前列腺素对雄性或雌性的生殖功能及生殖能力具有积极促进作用[2]. 崔亚利等[3]研究表明,在小鼠饲料中添加共轭亚油酸可以显著增加其发情期次级卵泡数量,提高胚胎数和产仔数[3]. 此外,雄性小鼠的生殖障碍与摄入的n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值密切相关[4]. 对线虫动物的研究发现,减少n-6多不饱和脂肪酸可以使秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)卵母细胞的大小缩小为野生型的20%,并导致后续胚胎发育和卵的孵化出现明显的不良状况[5, 6]. 在节肢动物中,褐贻贝(Pernaperna)的生殖状态与肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、异油酸以及花生四烯酸等脂肪酸关系密切[7]. 此外,高不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸能够显著促进甲壳类动物(如虾、蟹)的卵巢发育,并提高后代的存活率,而不饱和脂肪酸之间的相对含量比值则会影响虾和蟹的生殖性能[8-10]. 亚油酸对罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachiumrosenbergii)的卵巢成熟和繁殖力具有促进作用[11]. 当大型溞(Daphnia magna)体内16碳单不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量最多时,其产卵量和孵化率显著增加12]. 昆虫方面的研究表明,给蠋蝽(Arma chinensis)添食饱和脂肪酸会增加其后代中雌性个体的数量,而添食单不饱和脂肪酸则有利于其卵黄原蛋白的形成和生殖力的提高[13]. 此外,添食单不饱和脂肪酸能显著缩短龟纹瓢虫(Propylaea japonica)产卵潜伏期,增加产卵总数[14]. 改变饲料中的脂质浓度和ω-6/ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值会导致蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)产卵量的改变[15]. 另外,给昆士兰果蝇(Bactroceratryoni)幼虫添食含有棕榈油酸的小麦胚芽油可以提升其产卵量[16]. Ling等[17]的研究结果表明,通过基因操作阻止埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)卵巢积累脂质,会导致卵巢发育停滞,初级滤泡消失. Gutierrez等[18]研究发现,在果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)中,通过敲除脂肪酸ω-羟化酶基因,其卵母细胞数量减少了50%. 上述研究结果均强调了脂质与昆虫雌性生殖之间的密切关系.
作为鳞翅目昆虫之一,家蚕在丝绸生产和科学研究中有着广泛应用. 家蚕的生殖调控对蚕种繁育和害虫防治具有重要意义. 已有研究表明,家蚕5龄幼虫脂肪体的增长速度明显大于其质量的增长速度,其中雌蚕的脂肪体增长明显高于雄蚕,但蛹化后,雌蛹体内脂肪体的减少速度显著高于雄蛹,这一现象表明脂肪体是蛹期卵巢生长发育的重要营养来源[19]. 进一步研究发现,在给蚕蛹注射脂质转运颗粒抗体以抑制脂质转运后,成虫卵巢中的卵质量降低,数量减少[20],这说明脂质在家蚕雌蛹的生殖发育中具有重要作用. 目前,关于蚕蛹脂肪酸的研究主要集中在蛹油的开发和利用方面[21-27],而生殖方面有关脂肪酸的分析研究相对较少. 本研究分析了不同发育时期的雌蛹蛹体和卵巢中的脂肪酸,结果可为深入研究脂肪酸在家蚕和其他昆虫雌性生殖中的作用机制提供重要线索.
An Analysis of the Abundance of Fatty Acids in Silkworm Female Pupa and Ovary
- Received Date: 12/12/2022
- Available Online: 20/02/2024
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Key words:
- silkworm /
- female pupa /
- ovary /
- fatty acid /
- abundance
Abstract:
The study utilized gas chromatography analyzing the abundance of fatty acids in the bodies and ovaries of female silkworm pupae. The results revealed that the variation range of fatty acid abundance in the pupal body was small at first six days of pupation but increased from the sixth to ninth day. Overall, the main fatty acids exhibited a decreasing trend, while the trace fatty acids showed an increasing trend. The variation range of fatty acid abundance in the ovaries decreased with development. Different main fatty acids exhibited diverse patterns and directions of change, with an increase in unsaturated fatty acid abundance and a decrease in saturated fatty acid abundance. The abundance of trace fatty acids significantly decreased with development, indicating a less association between trace fatty acids and female reproduction. The differences in fatty acid abundance between the pupal body and ovaries gradually diminished with development. By the sixth day of pupation, most of fatty acids in the ovaries differed significantly from those observed during the initial pupation stage, but were similar to those in the pupal body, suggesting the dependence of fatty acid accumulation in ovary on the pupal body fatty acids, which is likely related to ovarian development and vitellogenesis. In the later stages of pupation, the highest abundance of