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2023 Volume 48 Issue 1
Article Contents

YU Ying, CHU Changmu, HE Zhongju. Existence of Solutions for a Class of Kirchhoff Type Equation Involving the p(x)-Biharmonic Operators[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 48(1): 26-31. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2023.01.004
Citation: YU Ying, CHU Changmu, HE Zhongju. Existence of Solutions for a Class of Kirchhoff Type Equation Involving the p(x)-Biharmonic Operators[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 48(1): 26-31. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2023.01.004

Existence of Solutions for a Class of Kirchhoff Type Equation Involving the p(x)-Biharmonic Operators

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  • Corresponding author: CHU Changmu ; 
  • Received Date: 04/07/2022
    Available Online: 20/01/2023
  • MSC: O176.3

  • This paper is devoted to studying a class of Kirchhoff type equation involving the p(x)-biharmonic operators. In view of the theories of variable exponent Lebesgue-Sobolev spaces, the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to this problem is obtained by means of variational methods.
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Existence of Solutions for a Class of Kirchhoff Type Equation Involving the p(x)-Biharmonic Operators

    Corresponding author: CHU Changmu ; 

Abstract: This paper is devoted to studying a class of Kirchhoff type equation involving the p(x)-biharmonic operators. In view of the theories of variable exponent Lebesgue-Sobolev spaces, the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to this problem is obtained by means of variational methods.

  • Ω$\mathbb{R}$N(N≥3)是具有光滑边界Ω的有界域,考虑一类带p(x)-双调和算子的Kirchhoff型方程

    其中ab>0,pC(Ω),$1 < p^{-}=\inf\limits _{x \in \bar{\varOmega}} p(x) \leqslant p^{+}=\sup\limits _{x \in \bar{\varOmega}} p(x) < N$fgαβC(Ω),对于所有的xΩf(x),g(x)>0,Δp(x)2u=Δ(|Δu|p(x)-2Δu)为p(x)-双调和算子.

    近年来,涉及p(x)-拉普拉斯算子的椭圆方程及变分方法的研究,受到了许多学者的关注[1-8]. 特别地,文献[1]研究了涉及凹凸非线性项的p(x)-双调和方程

    针对q(x),r(x)和p(x)满足不同的条件,分别应用强制弱下半连续性、Ekeland’s变分原理及山路引理等变分方法获得了方程(2)非平凡弱解的存在性. 然而,关于带p(x)-双调和算子的Kirchhoff型方程的研究结果相对较少[9-11]. 受以上文献的启发,本文讨论方程(1)非平凡弱解的存在性.

    定理1   假设ab>0,p(x),α(x),β(x)∈C(Ω),f(x),g(x)>0满足

    则方程(1)至少有一个非平凡弱解.

1.   预备知识
  • Lp(x)对应的范数为

    其中γ=(γ1,…,γN)为多重指标,$|\gamma|=\sum\limits_{i=1}^N \gamma_i, W^{k, p(x)}$对应的范数为

    由文献[12]知,Lp(x)Wkp(x)(Ω)为可分的自反Banach空间. 用W0kp(x)(Ω)表示C0(Ω)在Wkp(x)(Ω)中的闭包,记

    其范数为

    由文献[12]知,在X中‖ ‖与‖ ‖X等价,X是可分的自反Banach空间.

    命题1[13](Hölder不等式)   若p(x),q(x)∈C+(Ω)满足$\frac{1}{p(x)}+\frac{1}{q(x)}=1$,则对所有的uLp(x)(Ω),vLq(x)(Ω),有

    命题2[14]   令$\rho(u)=\int_{\varOmega}|\Delta u|^{p(x)} \mathrm{d} x$uX. 若‖u‖≥1,则有‖upρ(u)≤‖up+;若‖u‖≤1,则有‖up+ρ(u)≤‖up;‖u‖=0当且当ρ(u)=0.

    命题3[14]   假设q(x)∈C+(Ω)且$q(x) < p^*(x)=\frac{N p(x)}{N-2 p(x)}$xΩ. 则XLq(x)(Ω)的嵌入是连续且紧的.

    命题4[15]   设$\psi(u)=\int_{\varOmega} \frac{1}{p(x)}|\Delta u|^{p(x)} \mathrm{d} x$,则

    且满足:

    (ⅰ) ψ′(u)是连续且有界的严格单调算子;

    (ⅱ) ψ′(u)是S+型的,即若unu$\lim \sup\limits _{n \rightarrow \infty} \psi^{\prime}\left(u_n\right)\left(u_n-u\right) \leqslant 0$,则有unu

    (ⅲ) ψ′(u)是同胚的.

    定义1   如果对任意的vX,有

    则称uX为方程(1)的弱解. 显然,方程(1)的弱解与泛函

    的临界点等价.

2.   主要结果的证明
  • 在证明主要结果前,先证明泛函J满足(PS)c条件.

    引理1   当定理1的条件成立时,泛函J满足(PS)c条件,其中$c < \frac{a^2}{2 b}$.

       设{un}⊂XJ的(PS)c序列,即

    且在X*J′(un)→0(n→∞). 其中X*X的对偶空间.

    首先证明序列{un}在X中有界. 令$\theta \in\left(p^{+}, \min \left\{\alpha^{-}, \frac{2\left(p^{-}\right)^2}{p^{+}}\right\}\right)$,则由(3)式和(4)式,有

    p>1知,{un}在X中有界.

    接下来证明在Xunu. 由于X是自反Banach空间,且{un}在X中有界,所以存在子列(仍用{un}表示)和uX,使得当n→∞时,

    由(6)式和Hölder不等式可知,当n→∞时,

    类似地,当n→∞时,

    因此

    由(4)式可知,〈J′(un),unu〉→0,即

    综上所述,可得

    因为{un}在X中有界,所以存在子列(仍用{un}表示)和uX,使得当n→∞时,

    如果$t_0=\frac{a}{b}$,则

    由(6)式和Hölder不等式,对任意vX,有

    因为

    且当n→∞时,〈J′(un),v〉→0,故

    因此

    根据变分法基本原理[16]可得

    又因为f(x),g(x)>0,所以u=0. 因此

    综上所述,当$t_0=\frac{a}{b}$时,有

    这与$J\left(u_n\right) \rightarrow c < \frac{a^2}{2 b}$矛盾,故$t_0 \neq \frac{a}{b}$. 因此

    由(9)式可得

    根据命题4,当n→∞时,在X中有unu. 因此,当$c < \frac{a^2}{2 b}$时,J满足(PS)c条件.

    下面验证泛函J满足山路引理.

    引理2   当定理1的条件成立时,泛函J具有如下山路几何结构:

    (ⅰ) 存在ρδ>0,使得对任意uX且‖u‖=ρ,有J(u)≥δ>0;

    (ⅱ) 存在wX满足‖w‖>ρJ(w) < 0.

       由紧嵌入XLα(x)(Ω)知,存在C>0,使得|u|α(x)Cu‖.

    设‖u‖=ρ < 1,则

    注意到p+ < 2pp+ < α,故存在ρδ>0,使得对任意uX且‖u‖=ρ,有J(u)≥δ>0.

    φC0(Ω),φ>0,且t>1,则

    由(3)式可得,当t→+∞时,有J(tφ)→-∞. 则当t>1足够大时,令w=tφ,使得‖w‖>ρJ(w) < 0.

    定理1的证明   由引理2知,J具有山路几何结构. 定义

    注意到对于所有的uX\{0},有$\max\limits _{t>0}\left\{a t-\frac{b}{2} t^2\right\}=\frac{a^2}{2 b}$,则

    因此$c < \frac{a^2}{2 b}$. 设{un}是J的一个(PS)c序列,由引理1知,J满足(PS)c条件. 由山路引理[17]可得方程(1)有一个解$\tilde u$,且$J(\stackrel{\sim}{u})=c$. 由$J(\tilde{u})=c>0=J(0)$,可得$\tilde u$是方程(1)的一个非平凡弱解. 定理1得证.

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