Connotation, Elements and Structural Logic of Teachers' Epistemological Beliefs on Pedagogy
-
摘要:
教师教学认识信念是指教师对知识的本质特征、教学的本质与过程、学生获得知识的过程及基本特征等方面的认识所形成的一个相对稳定的、带有一定"意动"成分的基本观点、态度和心理倾向。教师教学认识信念结构由知识信念、教学信念、学习信念、学生信念等要素组成。知识信念包括对知识认知、知识性质、知识价值、知识结构的认识信念; 教学信念包括对教学本质、教学目的、教学设计、教学操作、教学评价的认识信念; 学习信念包括对学习过程、学习能力、学习结果归因的认识信念; 学生信念包括对学生智力与非智力发展、学生个体差异的认识信念。采用结构方程模型分析教师教学认识信念的构成要素, 编制"教师教学认识信念结构量表", 建构教师教学认识信念结构模型1, 并进一步提出具有竞争意义的教师教学认识信念结构模型2和模型3。通过分析、对比模型2和模型3, 发现模型3的χ2、RMSEA、NFI、IFI、CFI等数据均优于模型1, 从而验证了这一结构的合理性。"教师教学认识信念结构量表"可以作为了解教师教学认识信念状况的诊断性工具, 也可作为研究教师信念的测量工具。厘清教师认识信念的内涵要素与结构逻辑, 对教师专业发展具有参照意义和积极的促进作用。
Abstract:Teachers' epistemological beliefs on teaching refer to a relatively stable basic viewpoint, attitude and psychological tendency formed by teachers' understanding of the essential characteristics of knowledge, the essence and process of teaching, the process and basic characteristics of students' acquisition of knowledge. The structure of teachers' epistemological beliefs on teaching consists of knowledge belief, teaching belief, learning belief and student belief. The knowledge belief includes teachers' epistemological belief on the cognition, nature, value and structure of knowledge. The teaching belief includes teachers' epistemological belief on the essence, purpose, design, operation and evaluation and teaching. The learning belief includes teachers' perceptions of learning process, learning capabilities, and attributions for learning outcomes. The student belief includes teachers' perception of students' intellectual and non-intellectual development as well as individual differences among students. This study employs a structural equation model to analyze the constituent elements of teachers' epistemological beliefs. It develops a "Structure Scale of Teachers' Epistemological Beliefs on Teaching" and constructs Model 1 of teachers' epistemological beliefs on teaching and the alternative Model 2 and Model 3. By analyzing and comparing Model 2 and Model 3, it is found that the data of Model 3, χ2, RMSEA, NFI, IFI, and CFI are better than those of Model 1, which may serves as an evidence to suggest the rationality of this structure. The "Structure Scale of Teachers' Epistemological Beliefs on Teaching" can be used as a diagnostic tool to understand the status of teachers' epistemological beliefs on teaching, and can also be used to measure teachers' epistemological belief. Clarifying the connotation, elements, and structural logic of teachers' epistemological beliefs on teaching is of reference value and plays a positive facilitative role in teachers' professional development.
-
表 1 教师教学认识信念的构成因素
因素 成分与要义 教师认识信念系统 知识信念(F1) 知识认知信念(V1):对知识认知的认识存在客观认识论和主观认识论两种不同观点 知识性质信念(V2):对知识真理性的认识存在绝对主义和“可误主义”两种不同观点,对知识来源的认识存在理性主义和经验主义两种不同观点 知识价值信念(V3):对知识价值的认识存在社会性与育人性、功利性与认知性、工具性与训练性等价值观念 知识结构信念(V4):对知识结构的认识存在联系的与孤立的、外显的与内隐的不同观点 学习信念(F2) 学习过程信念(V5):对学习过程的认识存在建构与接受、理解与识记、自主与他主、独立与合作等观点 学习能力信念(V6):对学习能力的认识存在先天因素与后天发展、突然顿悟与循序渐进的不同观点 学习结果归因信念(V7):对学习结果的归因存在外部动机作用与内部动机作用、智力因素作用与非智力因素作用的不同认识 教学信念(F3) 教学本质信念(V8):对教学本质的认识存在对师生的主客体关系、知识的传递与建构、知识的过程与结果、教学方式的接受与探究、教学内容的理论与应用等不同认识 教学目的信念(V9):对教学目标的设定存在一维或多维、预设或生成,隐性或显性的不同认识 教学设计信念(V10):对教学理论、教学材料的组织、课程资源、教学模式、教学方法、教育技术的使用等教学资源选择和运用的不同认识 教学行为信念(V11):对课堂管理方式、教学组织形式、合作与独立、情境与非情境、独裁与民主、人际交往、生成性问题处理方式等不同操作行为存在不同的认识 教学评价信念(V12):对教学评价的认识存在知识本位与素养本位、单一评价与多元评价、即时评价与延时评价等方面的不同理解 学生信念(F4) 学生智力发展信念(V13):对学生智力发展有无阶段性、有无关键期、可否培养等要素的不同认识 学生非智力发展信念(V14):对学生非智力发展有无阶段性、有无关键期、可否培养等要素的不同认识 学生个体差异信念(V15):对学生在性别、年龄、学习风格、个性等心理特征上存在个体差异的不同认识 表 2 各省被试及学科样本分布
省名 高中 初中 小学 合计 语文 数学 外语 语文 数学 外语 语文 数学 英语 江苏 46 51 37 134 广西 62 83 39 184 山西 53 45 98 浙江 62 56 43 161 广东 78 82 62 222 河南 72 69 43 184 四川 52 49 37 138 合计 108 185 80 114 267 82 72 131 82 1 121 表 3 载荷系数估计结果
未标准化载荷系数估计 S.E. C.R. p 标准化载荷系数估计 V4 ← F1 1.000 0.920 V3 ← F1 1.451 0.175 7.792 *** 0.889 V2 ← F1 0.856 0.147 6.405 *** 0.834 V1 ← F1 0.689 0.123 9.243 *** 0.948 V12 ← F3 1.000 0.823 V11 ← F3 5.576 1.018 5.642 *** 0.921 V10 ← F3 4.814 0.942 5.741 *** 0.947 V9 ← F3 1.715 0.441 4.997 *** 0.912 V8 ← F3 4.766 0.911 5.534 *** 0.938 V15 ← F4 1.000 0.921 V14 ← F4 0.411 0.089 4.783 *** 0.713 V13 ← F4 0.464 0.073 6.687 *** 0.899 V5 ← F2 2.913 0.535 5.374 *** 0.845 V6 ← F2 0.843 0.175 4.821 *** 0.778 V7 ← F2 1.000 0.889 表 4 路径系数估计结果
未标准化路径系数估计 S.E. C.R. p 标准化路径系数估计 F1 ↔ F2 1.311 0.979 1.341 0.185 0.279 F1 ↔ F3 0.496 0.639 0.771 0.243 0.154 F1 ↔ F4 2.656 1.537 1.748 0.091 0.366 F3 ↔ F2 2.301 0.921 2.415 0.022 0.652 F4 ↔ F2 2.322 1.651 1.382 0.167 0.306 F3 ↔ F4 1.729 1.156 1.589 0.143 0.325 表 5 结构模型的拟合度检验
模型 χ2 χ2/df RMSEA NFI IFI CFI GFI 模型1 131.625 1.548 0.073 0.867 0.917 0.914 0.923 模型2 121.742 1.679 0.087 0.798 0.902 0.905 0.766 模型3 96.524 1.531 0.049 0.904 0.927 0.914 0.920 表 6 教师认识信念结构量表信度分析结果(Cronbach's Alpha系数)
因素 题目项数 内部一致性系数 因素1:知识信念 8 0.912 因素2:学习信念 11 0.659 因素3:教学信念 24 0.832 因素4:学生信念 5 0.848 总量表 48 0.862 表 7 教师认识信念结构分量表与总量表的相关矩阵
Va Vb Vc Vd V 对知识的认识信念Va 1.000 对学习的认识信念Vb 0.312 1.000 对教学的认识信念Vc 0.154 0.614** 1.000 对学生的认识信念Vd 0.319 0.238 0.366 1.000 总量表V 0.419* 0.745** 0.912** 0.613** 1.000 注:*表示0.05水平上显著相关(双侧检验),**表示0.01水平上显著相关(双侧检验)。 -
[1] 喻平, 唐剑岚. 个体认识论的研究现状与进展[J]. 心理科学进展, 2007(3): 443-450. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3710.2007.03.009 [2] HOFER B K, PINTRICH P R. The development of epistemological theories: Beliefs about knowledge and knowing and their relation to learning[J]. Review of Educational Research, 1997, 67(1): 88-140. doi: 10.3102/00346543067001088 [3] HOFER B K. Dimensionality and disciplinary differences in personal epistemology[J]. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2000, 25(4): 378-405. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1026 [4] SCHOMMER M. Effects of beliefs about the nature of knowledge on comprehension[J]. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1990, 82(3): 498-504. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.82.3.498 [5] JEHNG J C J, JOHNSON S D, ANDERSON R C. Schooling and students' epistemological beliefs about learning[J]. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1993, 18(1): 23-35. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1993.1004 [6] HOFER B K, PINTRICH P R. Personal epistemology: the psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing[M]. Mahwah, New Jersey: L. Erlbaum, 2002: 261-275. [7] SCHOMMER M. Explaining the epistemological belief system: introducing the embedded systemic model and coordinated research approach[J]. Educational Psychologist, 2004, 39(1): 19-29. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep3901_3 [8] SO H J, LEE J Y, ROH S Z, et al. Examining epistemological beliefs of pre-service teachers in Korea[J]. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 2010, 19(1): 79-97. [9] DENIZ H. Examination of changes in prospective elementary teachers' epistemological beliefs in science and exploration of factors meditating that change[J]. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 2011, 20: 750-760. doi: 10.1007/s10956-010-9268-x [10] CHAN K W. Preservice teacher education students' epistemological beliefs and conceptions about learning[J]. Instructional Science, 2011, 39: 87-108. doi: 10.1007/s11251-009-9101-1 [11] MAGNO C. Looking at Filipino pre-service teachers' value for education through epistemological beliefs about learning and Asian values[J]. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 2010, 19(1): 61-78. [12] FELBRICH A, KAISER G, SCHMOTZ C. The cultural dimension of beliefs: an investigation of future primary teachers' epistemological beliefs concerning the nature of mathematics in 15 countries[J]. ZDM, 2012, 44: 355-366. doi: 10.1007/s11858-012-0418-x [13] TOPCU M S. Preservice teachers' epistemological beliefs in physics, chemistry, and biology: a mixed study[J]. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2013, 11: 433-458. doi: 10.1007/s10763-012-9345-0 [14] 喻平. 数学教师认识信念的一个理论框架与量表设计[J]. 数学教育学报, 2013(4): 34-38. doi: https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SXYB201304008.htm [15] 喻平. 中学教师的数学教学认识信念的调查研究[J]. 教师教育学报, 2014(2): 62-69. doi: http://xbgjxt.swu.edu.cn/article/id/jsausse2014-02-62 [16] 俞国良, 辛自强. 教师信念及其对教师培养的意义[J]. 教育研究, 2000(5): 16-20. doi: https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYYJ200005005.htm [17] 赵昌木. 论教师信念[J]. 当代教育科学, 2004(9): 11-14. doi: https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDJK200409001.htm [18] 李学农. 教师认识论与教师的教学专业成长[J]. 课程·教材·教法, 2011(3): 93-98. [19] BERLINER D C, CALFEE R C. Handbook of education psychology[M]. New York: Macmillan, 1996: 709-725. [20] 喻平. 数学教学心理学[M]. 2版. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2018: 176.