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2020年初爆发的新冠肺炎疫情,对我国乃至世界经济造成了巨大的冲击,尤其是极度依赖流动性的旅游业,在此次公共卫生安全事件中更是遭受重创.根据中国旅游研究院报告预测,受新冠肺炎疫情影响,2020年第一季度及全年国内旅游人次将分别负增长56%和15.5%,全年同比减少9.32亿人次;国内旅游收入将分别负增长69%和20.6%,全年减收1.18万亿元[1],因此我国旅游业正面临着巨大“寒冬”. 2019年统计数据显示,全年国内游客60.1亿人次,国内旅游收入57 251亿元,占全国国民总收入的5.79%,旅游业已经成为带动国内经济发展、解决国民就业的核心产业之一[2].在疫情背景下,如何积极有效地促进旅游业恢复活力,全方位激发公众出游愿意,重振旅游业对经济发展的带动作用,是当前亟需探讨的问题.
随着国内疫情防控进入常态化阶段,疫情带给社会民众的心理影响值得关注[3].疫情期间,为了缓解社会紧张情绪,传播抗疫正能量,官方媒体和民间组织创作了大量展现地方精神的文艺作品,引发了强烈的社会共情和舆论关注.比如点击率极高的《武汉伢》 《明天依然最美》等音乐视频作品,为人们展示了疫情下武汉的城市面貌和生活状态,唤起了人们的共情和向往. “相约武汉,共赏樱花” “待春暖花开,同游黄鹤楼,共品热干面”等网络舆论层出不穷,为疫情过后武汉旅游业的恢复营造了良好的社会氛围.这种基于抗疫音乐视频共情的目的地涉入现象,为疫情背景下目的地营销提供了新的切入点.抗疫音乐视频能够唤起公众对疫情受灾区的情感共鸣,进而激发公众对目的地的兴趣和向往,为疫情背景下的出游决策奠定情感基础.
基于此,本研究以新冠肺炎疫情期间网络点击率最高的《武汉伢》音乐视频作为研究素材,探讨了基于抗疫音乐视频共情的目的地涉入对潜在旅游者行为意图的影响,以期为疫情受灾区旅游业恢复和目的地营销提供参考.
The International Effect of Destination Involvement Based on Empathy from Anti-epidemic Music Video on Behavioral Intention
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摘要: 在新冠肺炎疫情背景下,以涉入理论为依据,研究了基于抗疫音乐视频共情的目的地涉入对潜在旅游者行为意图的影响.通过对945份有效问卷的数据进行分析,结果发现:①抗疫音乐视频共情对目的地涉入的吸引力、中心性、象征、风险均有显著正向作用,而对行为意图没有显著作用;②目的地涉入的吸引力、中心性、风险对行为意图具有显著正向作用,目的地涉入的吸引力、中心性、象征、风险在抗疫音乐视频共情与行为意图之间具有显著完全中介作用;③旅游经验在抗疫音乐视频共情和吸引力之间具有显著负向调节作用,在抗疫音乐视频共情和风险之间具有显著正向调节作用.本研究将目的地涉入引入新冠肺炎疫情这一特殊情境中,探讨了其在旅游决策中的作用;以共情为切入点,为旅游学中音乐视频的研究提供了新的视角,从而为疫情背景下旅游目的地营销提供了建议.Abstract: Under the background of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, based on the involvement theory, this paper explores the impact of destination involvement based on empathy from anti-epidemic music video on potential tourists' behavioral intention. The results of an analysis of 945 questionnaires indicate that: empathy from anti-epidemic music video has a significant positive effect on attraction, centrality, sign and risk in destination involvement, but has no significant effect on tourists' behavioral intention; that attraction, centrality and risk in destination involvement have a significant positive effect on behavioral intention, and attraction, centrality, sign and risk in destination involvement have a full mediating effect between empathy from anti-epidemic music video and behavioral intention; and that travel experience plays a role of negative moderating variable between empathy from anti-epidemic music video and attraction, and has a positive moderating effect between empathy from anti-epidemic music video and risk. This study introduces destination involvement into the situation of novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic and provides a new perspective for music video research in tourism through empathy. Thus, the study expands the theoretical mechanism of tourist decision-making and provides advice for tourism destination marketing under the background of the epidemic.
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表 1 探索性因子分析结果
潜变量 编号 题项 因子
载荷特征
根解释方
差/%累积解释
方差/%音乐视频共情 Emp1 MV让我对武汉的经历感同身受 0.807 3.348 15.217 15.217 Emp2 MV让我对武汉充满挂念和关心 0.867 Emp3 MV让我觉得武汉需要我们的关爱 0.846 Emp4 MV让我觉得我们和武汉在一起 0.878 吸引力 Att2 去武汉旅游是一件很有意义的事 0.854 2.705 12.294 27.511 Att3 去武汉旅游是一件很享受的事 0.859 Att4 去武汉旅游是一件很吸引人的事 0.874 中心性 Cen2 去武汉旅游,在我疫情后的计划里处于中心地位 0.762 2.370 10.771 38.282 Cen3 疫情后,我的大部分安排围绕着去武汉旅游 0.796 Cen4 疫情后,其他事情都可以为去武汉旅游而让步 0.756 象征 Sign1 选择去武汉旅游,能够传达出我是什么样的人 0.794 2.683 12.194 50.476 Sign2 我能够通过一个人是否愿意去武汉旅游来评价他 0.823 Sign4 去武汉旅游,能够让别人以我希望的方式看待我 0.797 风险 Risk1 疫情后,对于去武汉旅游,任何风险都不会让我犹豫 0.830 5.165 23.479 73.955 Risk2 疫情后,即使面临不确定性,也不会影响我去武汉旅游的决定 0.823 Risk3 疫情后,对于去武汉旅游,没有任何担忧会让我产生纠结 0.844 Risk4 疫情后,如果去武汉旅游遇到了一些危险,我也不会感到后悔 0.860 Risk5 疫情后,即使去武汉旅游遇到不顺心的事,对我来说也没什么 0.827 Risk6 疫情后,即使去武汉旅游发生了一些不快,我也觉得很值得 0.806 行为意图 Int1 疫情后,我想要去武汉旅游 0.817 2.546 11.572 85.527 Int2 疫情后,我会经常和亲朋好友推荐/谈及去武汉旅游 0.825 Int3 疫情后,如有旅游计划,我会优先选择去武汉 0.785 表 2 验证性因子分析结果
潜变量 题项 参数显著性估计 题目信度 组合信度
CR平均提取
方差AVEuStd. S.E. Est./S.E. P Std. SMC 音乐视频共情 Emp1 1 0.826 0.682 0.924 0.752 Emp2 1.053 0.030 34.641 *** 0.905 0.819 Emp3 1.028 0.031 32.819 *** 0.872 0.760 Emp4 1.053 0.033 32.320 *** 0.864 0.746 吸引力 Att2 1 0.891 0.794 0.948 0.860 Att3 1.118 0.023 47.870 *** 0.949 0.901 Att4 1.105 0.024 47.027 *** 0.941 0.885 中心性 Cen2 1 0.902 0.814 0.892 0.735 Cen3 1.050 0.019 54.403 *** 0.979 0.958 Cen4 0.995 0.023 42.676 *** 0.888 0.789 象征 Sign1 1 0.896 0.803 0.857 0.667 Sign2 1.031 0.024 42.245 *** 0.910 0.828 Sign4 1.033 0.025 41.806 *** 0.905 0.819 风险 Risk1 1 0.907 0.823 0.956 0.783 Risk2 1.011 0.021 47.374 *** 0.921 0.848 Risk3 1.012 0.022 46.847 *** 0.918 0.843 Risk4 1.031 0.024 43.467 *** 0.892 0.796 Risk5 0.921 0.025 36.748 *** 0.831 0.691 Risk6 0.940 0.025 37.119 *** 0.835 0.697 行为意图 Int1 1 0.818 0.669 0.909 0.769 Int2 1.092 0.034 32.562 *** 0.882 0.778 Int3 1.150 0.033 34.358 *** 0.927 0.859 注:***表示0.001水平下有统计学意义. 表 3 区分效度检验表
潜变量 音乐视频共情 吸引力 中心性 象征 风险 行为意图 音乐视频共情 0.867 吸引力 0.564*** 0.927 中心性 0.321*** 0.441*** 0.857 象征 0.260*** 0.321*** 0.710*** 0.817 风险 0.279*** 0.351*** 0.619*** 0.633*** 0.885 行为意图 0.298*** 0.419*** 0.576*** 0.500*** 0.606*** 0.877 注:对角线粗体字为各潜变量平均提取方差的平方根,下三角为各潜变量之间的相关系数;***表示0.001水平下有统计学意义. 表 4 层次回归分析结果
项目 变量 吸引力 中心性 象征 风险 行为意图 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 控制变量 性别 0.195* 0.093 0.096 -0.217 -0.283** -0.285** -0.299** -0.352*** -0.353*** -0.469*** -0.510*** -0.514*** -0.216* -0.015 年龄 -0.088 -0.051 -0.059 -0.014 0.011 0.016 0.065 0.085 0.089 0.000 0.018 0.028 -0.069 -0.048 学历 -0.142* -0.036 -0.023 -0.426*** -0.356*** -0.363*** -0.320*** -0.263*** -0.270*** -0.174** -0.124* -0.140* -0.077 0.146** 月收入 -0.012 0.009 0.008 -0.005 0.008 0.009 -0.064 -0.055 -0.054 -0.025 -0.021 -0.019 0.051 0.069 主效应 音乐视频共情 0.605*** 0.615*** 0.417*** 0.412*** 0.344*** 0.340*** 0.363*** 0.352*** 0.043 旅游经验 0.053** 0.052** 0.043 0.043 0.039 0.039 0.067* 0.067** 吸引力 0.190*** 中心性 0.250*** 象征 0.041 风险 0.386*** 调节效应 共情*旅游经验 -0.103** 0.057 0.049 0.120** 回归模型摘要 R2 0.027 0.324 0.331 0.043 0.133 0.134 0.031 0.094 0.095 0.028 0.116 0.123 0.006 0.464 DR2 0.027 0.298 0.006 0.043 0.090 0.001 0.031 0.063 0.001 0.028 0.087 0.007 0.006 0.458 F 6.488*** 75.055*** 66.173*** 10.495*** 23.922*** 20.710*** 7.496*** 16.262*** 14.080*** 6.867*** 20.484*** 18.713*** 1.458 89.794*** 注:*表示p<0.05,**表示p<0.01,***表示p<0.001,双尾检验. 表 5 目的地涉入的中介作用
假设 中介变量 uStd. S.E. C.R. P 95% BootCI 作用途径 LLCI ULCI H4a 吸引力 0.329 0.045 7.311 *** 0.249 0.428 完全中介 H4b 中心性 0.246 0.027 9.111 *** 0.196 0.304 完全中介 H4c 象征 0.169 0.024 7.042 *** 0.123 0.220 完全中介 H4d 风险 0.211 0.029 7.276 *** 0.158 0.271 完全中介 注:***表示0.001水平下有统计学意义. -
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